Principles of Lighting
Three Point Lighting
The Three Point Lighting Technique is a standard method used in visual media such as video, film, still photography
and computer-generated imagery. It is a simple but versatile system which forms the basis of most lighting.
Key Light
This is the principal light source. It is usually the strongest and has the most influence on the look of the scene. It is placed to one side of the camera/subject so that this side is well lit and the other side has some shadow.
Fill Light
This is the secondary light and is placed on the opposite side of the key light. It is used to fill the shadows created by the key. The fill will usually be softer and less bright than the key. To achieve this, you could move the light further away or use some spun. You might also want to set the fill light to more of a flood than the key.
Back Light
The back light is placed behind the subject and lights it from the rear. Rather than providing direct lighting (like the key and fill), its purpose is to provide definition and subtle highlights around the subject's outlines. This helps separate the subject from the background and provide a three-dimensional look.
Background Light
The background light is used to illuminate the background area of a set .The background light will also provide separation between the subject and the background.
Inverse Square Law
The intensity of light observed from a source of constant intrinsic luminosity falls off as the square of the distance from the object. This is known as the inverse square law for light intensity.
Colour Temperature
Colour temperature is a characteristic of visible light that has important applications in lighting, photography, videography, publishing, manufacturing, astrophysics, and other fields. The colour temperature of a light source is the temperature of an ideal black-body radiator that radiates light of comparable hue to that of the light source. Colour temperature is conventionally stated in the unit of absolute temperature, the Kelvin, having the unit symbol K. Colour temperatures over 5,000K are called cool colors (bluish white), while lower colour temperatures (2,700–3,000 K) are called warm colors (yellowish white through red).
Principles of Composition:
Less is better
Let simplicity be the first factor in your mind when photographing any subject. Make sure that what you are photographing has a "subject of interest" that is clearly conveyed to the viewer. Do not try to fit in every bit of information nearby.
A few good ways to simplify your pictures are:
The rule of thirds is another way to compose your picture. The rule of thirds simply states that one should think of their picture in segments of 3's...and place their subject matter accordingly, therefore avoiding a perfectly centered, and most boring composition. inverse-square-law.jpg
The horizon dividing the frame in 1:2 ratio .
Avoid Merger
The merger of this tree with the person’s head is so obvious; you probably think no one could avoid seeing it before snapping the shutter. Remember: we see things in three dimensions, so it's easier than you might guess to focus our eyes on the principal subject only and not see that background at all. Avoiding mergers is one of the important guideline for better composition.
Balancing a frame
Balance is also important. Balance means things like highlights and shadows, contrast and brightness, color, texture, and geometry of your
image.
Symmetrical balance is the type of balance where one side is very similar or exactly the same as the other. Taking a picture of a person standing in the middle would be symmetrical because if the person were cut in half both sides would be the same. This is also true of taking pictures of many other things that aren't exactly equal. Symmetrical balance conveys a sense that is stable or static.
Asymmetrical balance is the type of balance where the picture, although not symmetrical, is balanced. This can be achieved through balancing of objects in the foreground, middle ground, and background. In other words, placing the main subject off-center and balancing the "weight" with other objects (smaller or lower impact) will be more effective than placing the subject in the center.
Shape
The
way subjects connect to each other in a photo forms shapes that draw
the eye from subject to subject. If the photo composition lacks shape,
then the photo becomes too busy and awkward to appreciate. Some shapes
are more effective than others in providing an interesting frame for the
photo.
Here's what we're looking for. The flamingo has relaxed, and his neck now forms a pleasing S curve against a better background. So, the S curve is an attractive shape to look for when you compose a photograph.
Read More about Introduction to Photography - Lighting, Composition, Camera Formats
Apply Now for Certificate Course in Photography
The course duration is 6 Months Part Time
To Know More Contact @
Tel: (+91) 22 66 81 23 51 /
Mobile: (+91) 9004444091 / (+91) 9004444092
Three Point Lighting
The Three Point Lighting Technique is a standard method used in visual media such as video, film, still photography
and computer-generated imagery. It is a simple but versatile system which forms the basis of most lighting.Key Light
This is the principal light source. It is usually the strongest and has the most influence on the look of the scene. It is placed to one side of the camera/subject so that this side is well lit and the other side has some shadow.
Fill Light
This is the secondary light and is placed on the opposite side of the key light. It is used to fill the shadows created by the key. The fill will usually be softer and less bright than the key. To achieve this, you could move the light further away or use some spun. You might also want to set the fill light to more of a flood than the key.
Back Light
The back light is placed behind the subject and lights it from the rear. Rather than providing direct lighting (like the key and fill), its purpose is to provide definition and subtle highlights around the subject's outlines. This helps separate the subject from the background and provide a three-dimensional look.
Background Light
The background light is used to illuminate the background area of a set .The background light will also provide separation between the subject and the background.
Inverse Square Law
The intensity of light observed from a source of constant intrinsic luminosity falls off as the square of the distance from the object. This is known as the inverse square law for light intensity.
Colour Temperature Colour temperature is a characteristic of visible light that has important applications in lighting, photography, videography, publishing, manufacturing, astrophysics, and other fields. The colour temperature of a light source is the temperature of an ideal black-body radiator that radiates light of comparable hue to that of the light source. Colour temperature is conventionally stated in the unit of absolute temperature, the Kelvin, having the unit symbol K. Colour temperatures over 5,000K are called cool colors (bluish white), while lower colour temperatures (2,700–3,000 K) are called warm colors (yellowish white through red).
Principles of Composition:
Less is better
Let simplicity be the first factor in your mind when photographing any subject. Make sure that what you are photographing has a "subject of interest" that is clearly conveyed to the viewer. Do not try to fit in every bit of information nearby.
A few good ways to simplify your pictures are:
- Get close to your subject and fill the frame with it.
- Avoid backgrounds that are confusing or complicated, as they can detract from your subject.
- Do not have more than one or two points of interest, because the subjects will begin to "compete" for your viewer's attention
The rule of thirds is another way to compose your picture. The rule of thirds simply states that one should think of their picture in segments of 3's...and place their subject matter accordingly, therefore avoiding a perfectly centered, and most boring composition. inverse-square-law.jpg
The horizon dividing the frame in 1:2 ratio .Avoid Merger
The merger of this tree with the person’s head is so obvious; you probably think no one could avoid seeing it before snapping the shutter. Remember: we see things in three dimensions, so it's easier than you might guess to focus our eyes on the principal subject only and not see that background at all. Avoiding mergers is one of the important guideline for better composition.
Balancing a frame
Balance is also important. Balance means things like highlights and shadows, contrast and brightness, color, texture, and geometry of your
image.Symmetrical balance is the type of balance where one side is very similar or exactly the same as the other. Taking a picture of a person standing in the middle would be symmetrical because if the person were cut in half both sides would be the same. This is also true of taking pictures of many other things that aren't exactly equal. Symmetrical balance conveys a sense that is stable or static.
Asymmetrical balance is the type of balance where the picture, although not symmetrical, is balanced. This can be achieved through balancing of objects in the foreground, middle ground, and background. In other words, placing the main subject off-center and balancing the "weight" with other objects (smaller or lower impact) will be more effective than placing the subject in the center.
Shape
The
way subjects connect to each other in a photo forms shapes that draw
the eye from subject to subject. If the photo composition lacks shape,
then the photo becomes too busy and awkward to appreciate. Some shapes
are more effective than others in providing an interesting frame for the
photo.Here's what we're looking for. The flamingo has relaxed, and his neck now forms a pleasing S curve against a better background. So, the S curve is an attractive shape to look for when you compose a photograph.
Read More about Introduction to Photography - Lighting, Composition, Camera Formats
Apply Now for Certificate Course in Photography
The course duration is 6 Months Part Time
To Know More Contact @
Tel: (+91) 22 66 81 23 51 /
Mobile: (+91) 9004444091 / (+91) 9004444092
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